Identify any Changes in the CEO during the Past Three Years Essay

Identify any Changes in the CEO during the Past Three Years - Essay Example The auditor and his partner performed the audit services for three years in the company and their financial reporting implications are as under: I examined the audit report 2009 of the firm because this is the last year of the Mark & Co. as an auditor with its partner NA Calder. In this report they examined concise financial statement first, according to them concise financial statement has been prepared in accordance with Accounting Standards AASB 1039: Concise Financial Report, and the Corporation Act 20012. They also acknowledge that the financial report of the company and controlled entities comply with all Australian equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards (AIFRS) and the currency presentation used in the reports is Australian dollars. Auditor and its partner report that company’s financial statements have been prepared under going concern concept, which excogitate the routine business activities and realization of assets and the settlement of obligatio ns in the normal way of business. Further, revenue for the current year is declined by 22%3 as compared to previous year due to decline in production, on-going pump issues and oil price declining trend via global uncertainty. Company wants to enhance its revenue; in this regard they formed joint ventures with Kakadu/Didgeridoo and Ash Creek for the development work and well testing to increase revenues with based on production. As per depreciation policy, Oil and gas properties, plant and equipment, other than freehold land are depreciated on a unit of production basis. The remaining assets are depreciated under the diminishing balance method. As per auditor’s findings company already spend $4,122,903 on the extensive work program with The Grieve Oil Field, the result of this work are expected by the end of the current year and the present work is unsuccessful. In this way, company has to impair this amount because financial statement doesn’t reflect any adjustment yet . In 2010 PKF appointed was the auditor with Bruce Gorden as a partner. I examined their report as well and found the following implications in their report. They examined the company’s financial statement and acknowledge that company maintained its financial statements in accordance with Accounting Standard AASB 101 Presentation of Financial Statements, that compliance with Australian Equivalents to International Financial Reporting Standards and in accordance with Corporation Act 20014. They mentioned that group incurred a net loss $3,264,663 for the year and had net cash outflows of $2,111,538. As per their opinion group didn’t maintain its appropriate levels of funding and have a doubt about the group’s ability to continue as going concern because they are unable to realize its assets and discharge its liabilities in the normal course of business. As per financial report, it didn’t include any adjustment regarding the recoverability and classification of recorded assets and liabilities. As per the auditor, it is necessary if the company does not continue as a going concern. These are the above findings have been observed due to the auditor’s changing during the year. iii. Note any non-audit services and their relative value provided by the auditor and comment on the implications for auditor-independence In 2009 the board of directors was satisfied that the provision of non audit services, which was

Internal and External Analysis of General Motors Research Paper

Internal and External Analysis of General Motors - Research Paper Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that PESTLE aids in the evaluation of the variables in the external environment that affect the ability of a company to operate efficiently in a certain industry mainly, in the long run. Political: Regulations on the safety and environmental effects of vehicles in the automotive industry are one of the political influents of the external environment. Re-gelation and successful implementation of guidelines on vehicle’s safety and environmental impacts began in 1960 and have increased since then. Economic: the automotive industry is important in the economy through the creation of jobs and being the main user of iron, steel, plastic, vinyl, textiles, rubber, computer chips, and aluminum creating demand and augmenting economic growth. Social: these factors include increased concern for the environment, emphasis on eco-friendly products, and attitudes. The automobile industry produces quality vehicles that provide for esteem and provide for their owners and ensuring esteem and safety. Environmental: challenges of environmental protection in accordance with US Environmental Protection Agency affect the automotive industry. Addressing issues of climate change is one of the main factors that have to be considered by the automotive industry players. So what? According to the PESTLE, there are many things that need to be considered. Being in the automotive industry there are a lot of legal rules and regulation that need to be followed, such as the Automobile Recycling law. The environmental factor also plays a big a part in the automotive industry. Every time a company produces a car they need to address the climate change. All in all the industry provides safe cars and also creates a lot of jobs.

The role of retailer branding strategies within retail stores Essay

The role of retailer branding strategies within retail stores - Essay Example Talking in a more elaborate manner, it can be said that the high-level communication technologies have helped in the process of diffusing the globalization trends around the world. As a result of the fast spreading of trends of globalization in various markets, it can be said that the consumers located in various regions, countries and continents around the world have started demanding a more enhanced category of products and services, which should necessarily follow the standards of global quality. As a result, this has led to the process of creating a significant pressure on the economies and markets around the world with regard to the demand for globally popular brands of products and services. Moreover, besides the growing demand for various kinds of globally popular products and services in various markets, the governments of countries around the world have realised the fact that, for the purpose of promoting significant amount of growth and development in their individual natio ns, opening up of the economy is very important. The governments of many countries have now realized that by opening up their previously closed economies, the markets of their respective countries will immediately start developing and growing because of considerable amounts of investments made by various business organizations around the world. It is relevant, in this particular context, to state the fact that many companies, which are present in various markets around the world, will look forward to entering the newly emerged markets of the growing and developing economies for the purpose of consolidating their growth prospects. Talking on this note, it can be said that the international, transnational and multinational companies will focus on the process of making a considerable amount of investment in the new markets in the form of foreign direct investments (FDIs) and foreign institutional investments (FIIs). Talking on the same lines, it can be said that the companies in the in ternational arena will be making significant amounts of large scale investments in terms of FIIs and FDIs for the main purpose of developing the market as well as the business infrastructure in the new markets. This will automatically lead to the emergence of new and large scale job opportunities, which will contribute towards creating a high rate of growth for the emerging economies. Now, with the development of the economies around the world in both the developed as well as the developing markets, it can be said that a significant amount of development will happen in the society and lifestyle of the masses living in those countries. The accumulation and growth of wealth complemented by the factor of an evolving lifestyle of the masses will contribute towards opening of new kinds of services. It is important to quote in the same context that the evolution of new lifestyle trends in the society of the developing economies will lead to a significant change in the consumer behaviour o f the masses. This will also present a significant amount of opportunity with regard to the evolution of new shopping trends of the masses and, as a result, will require significant amoun

Culture Change at Texaco - Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Culture Change at Texaco - - Case Study Example thical problems at Texaco by introducing complete culture change that highlighted stringent measures for implementing equity across the workforce at all levels of interaction. Most importantly, cultural dimension was seen as the central element of promoting equity which not only showed firm’s commitment towards diversity but also raised important question of organizational culture and business strategy that played vital role in promoting better work culture within and outside the firm. In the highly competing environment of rapid globalization, pluralistic society had increasingly become a norm. Organizational ethics and ethical consideration to socially relevant issues give significant leverage to the firm in the market as it tend to influence firm’s image amongst the public, impacting their overall performance (Trevino & Nelson, 2014). Thus, Texaco’s new diversity policy was made intrinsic part of its business strategy and organizational culture. It mainly targeted the behavior of employees and through harsh measures like dismissal from job, ensured that employees treated other employees coming from different color, race, gender and culture with respect. The diversity strategy was integrated within all spheres of firm’s operations including recruitment, promotion, retention, supply chain, customer service etc. The system was distinct in its lack of commitment towards diversity mainly due to low awareness regarding cultural values and cultural competencies. The initial focus of new diversity policy was important facilitator for encouraging better behavior and mode of communication. By introducing drastic changes, the managerial leadership was actually making efforts to develop better organizational culture that relied on building new workplace relationships based on better cross-cultural understanding and mutual respect. The strategic realignment of its business strategy and business goals would emerge as important catalyst for developing facilitating

Review Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 16

Review - Essay Example For example, while Mrs. Saunders is a very independent woman and a threat, Victoria is a child, who has no class and little effects  on the society. In the second act, although the class difference between the four women characters can be determined, it is not as widely as in the initial action. All women lie in the middle and lower-upper class in the economy classes, with minuscule differences in the hierarchy. As noted, Churchill attempts to analyze the position of women in the society and their empowerment (Churchill, 2013). In the year 1992, Los Angeles experienced the most destructive riots, which were characterized by excessive violence. This play was written to analyze the tension and problems that were the underlying factors behind the unrest. Some of these factors include racial tension, brutality by the police, and weak leadership in the urban centers. The play takes an empirical view of the events that led to the violence, including ethnic tensions, as well as tensions between people of different class. This play uses a historical analysis approach to ignite a combination of enlightening and meaningful basis that brings up painful and emotions. For example, the play refers to instances where people from different races blamed those of different races for their losses after the Rodney verdict. One congresswoman is shown to have fought very hard for people, arguing that she is seeking to make the Whitehouse understand the plight of the people who have been ignored through the riots (Twilight: Los Angeles. 1992, 2014). Carmen is portrayed as the most provocative of all the girls in a place located near a cigarette factory, such that a man would barely pass without having a glance at her. Carmen sings Habanera, which fascinates all young men present save for Don Joe. Before leaving, and Carmen provokes him by throwing flowers at him. Back in the factory, Carmen is blamed for a quarrel that the girls get into, and

Comparative Analysis of Two Films Essay Example for Free

Comparative Analysis of Two Films Essay Stereotyping can be defined as sweeping generalizations about affiliates of a certain gender, nationality, religion, race, or other group. Social stereotyping has been a worldwide issue for many years. More specifically, stereotypical assertions, based on both gender and race, have been a common theme throughout many 20th and 21st century films. Both Crash, directed by Paul Haggis in 2004, and Girlfight directed by Karyn Kusama in 2000, address the issue of stereotyping in their own unique way. Girlfight does this by placing a female in the spotlight of a sport that is predominantly dominated by males, whereas, Crash confronts our problem with racial stereotypes and racism, and the need to counter them, by focusing on the â€Å"crash† humans experience by encountering people that they actually are already linked to. Throughout the film Girlfight, the crowd may have been against Diana, but her determination allowed her to fight off skeptics outside the ring and her opponents in the ring. Crash is a movie that brings out bigotry and racial stereotypes. While one story revolves around a gender debate, the other approaches the argument from the aspect of race and ultimately both combat the greater social issue of stereotyping. The film Girlfight depicts the struggle of Diana Guzman, a high school girl, and how she overcomes gender barriers to dominate the boxing arena. Her mother passed away when she was young, and she lives with her father and younger brother, Tiny. They reside in the projects of New York City, a tougher area where the ability to defend yourself is basically a prerequisite. Her father forces Tiny to train at the local gym to become better suited to defend himself and that is where Diana is introduced to the sport of boxing. Setting is a key aspect of the film and director Karyn Kusama’s choice of realistic venues for each and every scene help create a documentary-like atmosphere. One scene that illustrates this quality is when Diana and Adrian learn that they will both be fighting each other in the final bout. The scene takes place inside the manager of the ring’s office; a small but well organized office. The camera pans from character to character as they discuss Diana’s next fight and the viewer is placed in the back corner of the office space. A key detail to be noticed is that the door is open and one can see that boxers are still training in the background. This gives the audience the idea that what they are viewing is very real, almost like a documentary, and Kusama’s film work adds to that with a picture that is both grainy and misty. The scene is also full of dialogue, which is a common attribute of any documentary. It seems as if the scene would have occurred even if the camera had not been rolling film. The realistic aspect correlates back to the underlying premise of the movie, gender stereotyping. At the time, female boxers were a rarity and Diana was an exception not only because of her gender but also because of her skill. The boxers at this gym are all male except for Diana who happens to be the main character in the film. This creates an immediate gender barrier the second that Diana steps in the gym merely because she isn’t of the norm. The film Crash attempts to tackle the issue of racial stereotyping though the stories of several characters who all turn out to be connected in some way, shape, or form. Anthony and Peter are partners in crime who hijack cars for a chop shop. Anthony believes that society is unfairly biased against blacks, and at one point in the film he justifies his actions by claiming he would never hurt another black person. Rick Cabot, district attorney of Los Angeles, and his wife Jean are two other main characters throughout the film. One scene that reinforces the use of stereotyping is when Anthony and Peter stroll a Los Angeles shopping strip. As they walk along, Anthony explains to Peter how whites are so quick to judge blacks at night. The dialogue throughout the scene is especially important because Anthony quickly changes from complaining about racial tendencies around him to hiding behind a handgun as both he and his friend hijacks a car. The audience sides with Anthony, as he begins his rant, but out of the blue, the two men pull a gun on an innocent couple and the audience is left in shock. Anthony states, â€Å"You couldn’t find a whiter, safer or better-lit part of this city right now, but yet this white woman sees two black guys who look like UCLA students strolling down the sidewalk, and her reaction is blind fear† (Crash). This statement draws light on the fact that we as humans tend to jump to conclusions often too quickly. Anthony and Peter had done nothing out of the ordinary but the town happened to be predominantly dominated by whites and that set off a red flag in Jean’s mind. Anthony flips the subject based on the fact that they are the only blacks in the area and asks Peter, â€Å"Why aren’t we scared? † Peter responds, â€Å"Cause we got guns? † and both men proceed to pull out their weapons and hijack the Cabot’s vehicle (Crash). This scene is greatly enhanced by the use of sound. As both of the couples stroll down the boulevard, one can hear a peaceful Christmas carol in the background, but as the men approach the Cabots, the music increases in volume and changes to a more upbeat, edgy track. The film does this in order to create tension between both sets of characters; it changes the norm and keeps the audience anxious. To reinforce this, the sound increases once more as Anthony and Peter peel out of the street with the stolen car creating a definitive point in the scene. By transitioning from calm to chaos, Haggis demonstrates how a simple misinterpretation, a stereotype, could pay dividends in the long run. Jean Cabot had suspected something was not right as soon as she locked eyes with Anthony. The fact that Anthony gave a rather thought-provoking talk on racial tendencies shows that stereotyping does not go unnoticed. An act as simple as interlocking arms with your husband as you pass two young, African American teenagers may seem like an act of safety to you but to the teenagers it is offensive. This also proves that this is not a one-sided debate. Both parties are involved and equally held responsible for their criticisms. In â€Å"Becoming Members of Society: Learning the Social Meaning of Gender,† Aaron H. Devor discusses the distinction between gender and sexuality. Gender is typically based on anatomical differences between men and women, but does not necessarily match with them. In Diana’s case, she is a female yet she demonstrates masculine tendencies through her animosity and fury in the boxing arena. According to Devor, Diana fails to follow â€Å"the natural role† of her sexuality (Devor 160). Devor states, â€Å"persons who perform the activities considered appropriate for another gender will be expected to perform them poorly† (Devor 159). He point is valid because there are always cases when a male or a female may not fit the norm and fight off a society that is so fixated on masculinity versus femininity. This statement connects with the film Girlfight, in which Diana Guzman distinguishes herself by becoming a boxer, a sport dominated by males. Devor states that even if the athlete does succeed, it is a â€Å"reward with ridicule or scorn for blurring the gender dividing line† (Devor 159). The film Girlfight somewhat argues this statement because Diana was cheered as she finished her final bout against Adrian. Adrian was obviously the favored fighter, mainly due the act that he was a male, yet Diana pulled off the victory. The fact is that gender is socially and culturally determined; it is not biologically determined. At the time, boxing gurus failed to give credit to Diana by being an underdog and decided to instead critique and stereotype her based on her sex. Today more and more women have become boxers but there are still those that frown upon their presence in the ring. Even though people have become more tolerant, there are still some who are not willing to except things out of the norm, which is why society has not gained the balance it needs and social stereotyping exists. Gender stereotyping is a very serious issue in today’s society, but another dilemma just as grim is that of racial stereotyping. Larry Aubry’s Los Angeles Sentinel article titled, â€Å"Undoing Racism in American Cities,† argues how racism is still very much with us and is still a barrier to the realization of the American dream in the nation’s cities and towns. His main point is that in order to â€Å"undo racism† one must â€Å"move from being a part of the problem to becoming a part of the solution† (Aubry, par. 3). Throughout the film Crash, the main characters are given various opportunities to combat racism but instead act on poor judgment by stereotyping. The fact is that stereotyping never leads to a proper outcome. A proper outcome may not be what either party had intended but most of the time an ethical outcome is best. In Anthony’s case, he fumed on how whites were racist yet he became part of the problem by doing exactly what Jean Cabot had foreseen him execute. Anthony stereotyped against himself and further worsened the problem. According to Aubry, â€Å"there is a consensus that everyone is part of the problem in many different ways† (Aubry, par. ). Most people place the blame on others when in fact they escalate the argument. Stereotyping has set societies back time and time again and until society is guided by the fairness of its ideas, its politics, and its culture and not by the fairness of one another’s skin or gender, progress cannot be made. Girlfight attacks the issue from the gender side while Crash from the racial side. Stereotyping is vague in nature but both films key in on these issues through their storyline and cinematic techniques. Girlfight did this through a realistic portrayal of the life of a young female boxer and her struggles. Crash decided to create a segmented story in which characters interact through their abuse of stereotyping. If Anthony and Peter had decided not to go through with the car hijacking, both them and the Cabots would have been closer to the realization that they were in fact, out of line. In Diana’s case, the public is against her, even her father is against her, yet she knows she can fend off the skeptics. Social stereotyping is pervasive and without both parties grasping that fact, both racist and gender stereotyping will continue to exist.

Comparison of Aldi and Lidl

Comparison of Aldi and Lidl ABSTRACT The price war among supermarkets does really benefit the customers in recession time. But the major discount supermarkets like Aldi and Lidl cannot get the all grip on the retail markets as they had it at early stage. They are not able to maintain the position in the market as cheapest retailers because of tough competition from rivals. This project hopes to discuss some of the trends among major supermarkets like Tesco, Asda Sainsburys in pricing to compete with discount retailers such as Lidl and Aldi. It also focus on the strategies made by the mainstream supermarket chains to overcome the recession effects. Topic In the current economy, will the retail discounters loose out? A case study of Aldi and Lidl. Aim and Objectives Aims-Identify the Strength, weakness, opportunity and Threat of Aldi and Lidl to sustain as discount retailers in the current retail market. Objectives: Find out why people shop at Lidl and Aldi? Their perceptions of the brands, how often they come? How much they spend? To ascertain why Lidl and Aldi customer loyalty has diminished since the competitors changed the strategies. To evaluate the effectiveness of Lidl and Aldis recent repositioning strategies on their brand image Review of Literature: Scientific and technological revolution have shaped an effective and innovative business order .Since the source of information and information procedures have become rapid and convenient ,the business atmosphere has turn out to be more chaoetic.Consumers are showing their buying capacity with an expectation of high quality for reasonable price. As there are liberal policies, new products and services are launching every day in to the market. Information technology plays a crucial role in the business world with up dated information and rapid way of communication 1. Customer Behavior Customers are offered tremendous bundle of choices. Some people restricts their choices, becoming relationship oriented with some organization (Sheth and Parvatiyar, 1995) and have the potential to become long life customers. Customers life cycles are becoming increasingly transitory due to the severe impact of competitors action on existing relationships (Reinartz and Kumar, 2000). Consumer behaviour in retail sector is characterized by impulse purchasing and fickle customers (Newman and Patel, 2004).. This may do to the fact that customers do not experience any switching costs when changing their supplier (Reinartz and Kumar, 2000). Others exhibit switching behaviour in their shopping (Peterson, 1995) and split their purchases among several Table.1: Attributes of store image Most Frequently Cited Attribute Other Attributes 1. Merchandise: * Selection * Quality * Price * Styling 2. Service 3. Clientele 4. Physical facilities 5. Convenience 6. Promotion 7. Store atmosphere 8. Institutional 9. Post-Transaction 2. Brand: When a brand is communicated through advertising, packaging and merchandising, it aims to create confidence and minimise the purchasing risk to the consumer (Palmer, 1996). Such attributes, it is held, are particularly important when buying fashion products (de Chernatony and McDonald, 1992; Doyle, 1991). In brief, brand values provide a promise of sameness and predictability (Keller, 2003). Branding came to be understood as providing a unique mixture of benefits that satisfy rational needs, but also emotional ones, by facilitating and simplifying the consumers choice process through behavioural shortcuts, habit and perception. Successful brand is defined as a name, symbol, design or some combination of these, which identifies the à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"product of a particular organisation as having a sustainable differential advantage (Schmitt, 1999). 3. Positioning To understand positioning from a customer perspective, it is important to explain what is positioning in marketing literature. Although the craft of positioning is a defining function of modern branding, the idea of positioning dates back to Classical Greece, with Platos assertion that memories evoke related memories, thus colouring interpretation (Warren, 1916). In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, the British empiricists elaborated the Aristotelian notion that ideas are stored in memory by association, developing the three à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Laws of Associationà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ; similarity, contrast and contiguity. Discussion 1. Recession affecting the retailers. Here we will discuss about the recession and its affect on retail markets. As we know that we are running in the bad economic condition. So it gives us unemployment, lack of money, poverty, people go behind the cheap product..etc. in these situation we call it for recession. Recession participate everywhere around the world. In these situations people are scaring to spend their money in to business or market. 2. Current retail UK Market. In the current economic conditions the retail markets are trying to grab their customers giving different offers and products. Using cheap price and quality products are the priority for all retailers to the customers and it is the key factor to increase the business and survive the recession. Neil Saunders, the consulting director at Verdict, said: (telegraph nov 2009) We are now entering the most challenging period many retailers will have ever faced: the UK retail market is both mature and intensively competitive and that, combined with a slowdown in growth, means everyone will need to work much harder just to stand still. Andy bond Asda CEO (the marketing blog aug 2009) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“We be able to already see how changing attitudes are affecting customers shopping habits, Consumers are not prepared to pay a premium when they cannot taste the difference. The era of conspicuous consumption is besides.Saving money by cutting out waste of every part of kinds will be the priority. 3. Major discounters Aldi and Lidl The German chains Aldi and lidl are discount retailer and fight with the big four rivals called Tesco, Asda, sainsburey, and Morrisons. The two discounters have to do a lot of work while competing rivals. Aldi one of the retail company in UK and launched in 1990 and they have more than 300 stores across UK. the company called Aldi sell food, drinks, healthn and beauty product, sanitary items, baby product, and other cheap house hold items and wide variety of fruits and vegetables, including frozen food, fresh meats, fish, desserts, baked goods and alcohol, wines cheeseetc. the important thing that Aldi has concentrated products are own labelled or in other words own brand products and the other brand product or none Aldi products are limited. The store strong in cheapest products and it introduced from GERMANY. So the company typically use two similar brands for all category of the product. So this structure gives Aldi stores to be smaller than general supermarkets which cover the same range of products but with more variety. About the companys offer to the customer giving special offers per week, special buy deal offer a particular range of product like electronics and car accessorie s, cloths and house hold items, garden ,appliancesetc at bargain prices on Sundays and Thursdays (it might be for a week or available for limited products). à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å" Aldi is able to offer deeply discounted prices on around 1,300 popular food items (a typical grocery store has 30,000) due to its various cost-cutting strategies. These include buying cheap land on the outskirts of towns and cities, building cheap warehouses, employing few staff, keeping store furnishings to a bare minimum and carrying mostly private-label items, which are displayed on pallets rather than shelves. The firm takes a fixed amount of money for carrier bags. Lidl the rivals of Aldi and the major discount supermarket store chain in UK. the store more aware about their customer and so the firm provides 800 different products. As i above mentioned about Aldi , Lidl has wide variety of their own brand products and the companies priority for leading brand for each category. Food, fresh produce, frozen foods, Italian cuisines, wines, home appliances and garden products including tools and planets are available from Lidl. These are the products known as à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‹Å"Specials and they offer to the customer low cost of frozen foods as well. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“Low-cost operating methods, such as avoiding expensive advertising, high-rent locations and a diverse-range of goods, have enabled it to challenge and even overtake its number one rivals in some European markets such as Franceà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Lidl can attract more customers in 2008 in the beginning of recession because most of the consumers especially middle class consumers started their shop ping at discount retailers like Aldi and Lidl. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“According to market research firm TNS, Lidl was the second most successful UK supermarket group over the busy Christmas period in 2008, with group sales far exceeding growth in the overall grocery sectorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . G Gavin (2008) describe à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“When we visited Lidl stores across Europe, we noticed that new, improved ranges are being introduced across fresh and chilled categories. Ranges are far more tailored to national and even regional markets than in the past. Organics, healthy eating and fairtrade ranges have also been incorporated into the mix. And this strategy, too, is very much determined on a country by country basis, in line with key prevailing consumer trends. Clearly many of these elements are not unique to Lidl among its discounting peer group, but the combination of these is leading to the development of an increasingly compelling proposition, with the branded presence in-store a key differentiator from its largest rival Aldià ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Now come to the point that the big four super markets battling towards the discounters like Aldi and Lidl.TNS world panel realise that the Aldi and Lidl sales from May to July 8.3 percent, 6.8 percent. But in the case of the big retailers achieved second quarter Morrison 9.5 percentage, Asda 8.1 percentage, waitrose8.2 percentage respectively. Paul (2009), Aldis UK Managing Director, blames à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“some of the slowdown in growth on promotional activity from the brands, which has been à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“pretty effectiveà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã…“. Aldi does not sell the traditional big brandsà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . The important things that the big four mainly concentrated in their sales called promotions, discount ranges, and advertising campaigns.etc. The Tescos promotion known as discounters, Asdas round pound, Sainsburys switch and save, Waitrose essential. Chris (2009) of TNS, said: The promotional activity the major multiples have put in place has stolen the wind out of the discounters sails . Waitroses Essentials range now accounts for 15 percent of the grocers salesà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ . Now the current economic down turn the consumer always looking for the promotions and discount sales. So the major discounters will be loose their sales until they started promotional activity from the traditional brands. Research methodology 1. Research Approach To understand the different research approach is in business research. These approaches can be mainly categorized as positivist and critical interpretive, qualitative and quantitative. Positivist and critical interpretive research Positivist paradigm believes in the view that the world is external and objective to the researcher, which is identical to the belief used in natural sciences. Positivist researchers are independent of the research being conducted and focus on description, uncovering facts and explanation .Researchers, then by using models and theories that they have created explains the behaviour on the grounds of the facts and observations The other position, known to us as the critical interpretive paradigm believes in the view that the world is constructed socially and is subjective. They also believe that reality does not exist outside the perceptions of people. Critical researchers are seen as a vital part of the researching process. Critical researchers attempt to discover understandings and discovery of the broad interrelationship in the circumstances they are researching. Qualitative and quantitative research: In qualitative research words are the units of analysis. Qualitative research tends to be associated with description. The data needed for qualitative analysis has to be gathered from interviews and questionnaires. Methods like ethnography will be used for the process of qualitative analysis and ethnographic data storage software will be used to store information. There are many advantages of using such software which will help store the data safely, the data can be coded easily, and retrieval of data will be more reliable. Computerization removes barriers and scales to the scale and complexity of analysis. There are virtually no clerical limits to how much stuff you get now, and few to how complex it is. (Richards and Richards 1993:40) Quantitative research Quantitative research tends to be associated with numbers, as the unit of analysis and it tends to be associated with statistical data. Charts and graphs have to be constructed from the figures and information gathered from the questionnaires and researches. Word processing and spreadsheet packages can be used for this purpose. Information in the form of numbers will be gathered from Different HR Mangers by using different data collection tools like questionnaires, review of previous documents etc. and the data will be used to construct meaningful figures and charts using software. Research Strategies Survey- Since the case study is on the basis of customer behaviour with a clear aim on customers perception of a particular brand, certainly the importance is set on primary data. The secondary data backed the primary data using appropriate hypothetical framework. The primary data will be collected using pre-designed questionnaire. Twelve questions were involved in the close ended questionnaire form with shoppers demographic outlines. Brand and Store loyalty measurement can be done by enquiring Lidl Aldi shoppers to rate definite qualities on predefined scales. Uni-polar scales will be utilized (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980) starting from one all the way to five, places very low, low, average, high, and superb respectively. Former researchers, like James et a. (1976) have used the similar scaling methods while assessing attributes of a certain brand or store by implying how much a store is able to fulfil consumers expectation. In AldiLidl outlets in London where customers should be asked to rate the attributes with one hundred questionnaires.At least Eighty interviews will be carried out in London AldiLidl outlets. Since only AldiLidl shoppers participated, every questionnaire will be involved in the research. A detailed survey must be conducted. The data analysis could be created by using e SPSS12.O which is the data mining programme. Case study- This research is on the basis of case study since it discovers the individual behaviour of consumers in retail market.Research on the basis of case study is suitable since it covers the contextual situation and a broadly investigation other than a mere theoretical study.More over it is reliable as it provides multiple sources of information. In research, a familiar figure is used to study as it represents the whole concept with itself.Discount supermarket case studies are widely used in most of the UK institutes and research fields as it had a bright past with enormous brand loyalty by customers.,But now the scenario became different and it is facing more challenges to exist in the market. Explanatory study ÃÆ'ËÅ" On the basis of brand position and theory ÃÆ'ËÅ" Explaining fundamental connection of variables (correlation of style and shoppers customers visiting time) ÃÆ'ËÅ" Focusing circumstances for describing the connection among variables. Form of Presentation The dissertation will be presented in a written form supplemented with charts showing current and historical data Conclusion Aldi and Lidl the major discounters in UK, but the above mentioned information give us they are going to lose in current economic conditions. So the message give us the total picture about the current market, economic conditions, and the rivals in the current markets. References Geoffrey Moore, the business cycle research, Jon Gregory Taylor, investment timing and business cycle, john wiley sons publisher in 1997,p23 Gary marks john F. Maudlin, rocking wall street john wiley sons publisher in 2007, p92. Invstopedia forbes digital company(http://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/recession.asp) India dialy news paper(2007) (http://www.indiadaily.com/editorial/17492.asp) Bureau for Economic Research (BER) http://www.fastmoving.co.za/news-archive/retailer-news/retail-sector-faces-threat-of-recession http://www.telegraph.co.uk/finance/newsbysector/retailandconsumer/3368164/Tesco-most-likely-retailer-to-survive-recession.html Andy Bond CEO Asda http://www.themarketingblog.co.uk/e_article001292783.cfm Aldi http://www.supermarket.co.uk/aldi.html Lidl http://www.supermarket.co.uk/lidl.html Gavin Rothwell, senior business analyst, IGD, http://www.igd.com/index.asp?id=1fid=1sid=19tid=11cid=85 http://www.guardian.co.uk/business/2009/jul/24/aldi-lidl-sales-growth